Retinal microstructure and pathogenesis of its degeneration

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2025.4.113-120

Keywords:

retina, microstructure, pigment epithelia, photoreceptors, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, anti-VEGF, gene therapy.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the microstructure of the retina and the mechanisms of its degeneration. The multilayered organization of the retina, which includes photoreceptors, glial cells and vascular structures that provide visual perception, is considered in detail. Particular attention is paid to the role of the pigment epithelium, metabolic and barrier functions. The pathogenetic mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration, hereditary dystrophies and diabetic retinopathy are described. The key role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory processes is emphasized. Modern diagnostic methods, including optical coherence tomography, are considered, as well as the prospects for therapy: anti-VEGF, gene therapy, cell technologies and prevention through the control of systemic risk factors.

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Published

2025-10-30

How to Cite

Marchenko, D., & Pokhyl , A. (2025). Retinal microstructure and pathogenesis of its degeneration. Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 19(4), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2025.4.113-120

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 4 (2025)

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