Significance of immune system parameter changes for the pathogenesis of experimental allergic alveolitis and pneumonia

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2025.4.42-46

Keywords:

experimental pneumonia, experimental allergic alveolitis, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, circulating immune complexes, immune system.

Abstract

Relevance. The problem of bronchopulmonary diseases remains relevant today. According to experts, the state of the immune system is considered one of the leading influences on the development and manifestations of pulmonary pathology. The aim of the study is to identify and compare the characteristics of changes in certain immune system indicators and to determine their role in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic alveolitis and experimental allergic alveolitis, combined with experimental allergic alveolitis. Methods. The guinea pigs were divided into three groups: the first group – intact animals – control (10); the second group (experimental) – animals with experimental allergic alveolitis (EAA): on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of the experiment (27); the third group (experimental) – guinea pigs with combined pathology of EAA and experimental pneumonia (EP), also on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of the experiment (30). EP and EAA were induced using the method of Reheda M.S. (2024). The animals were decapitated under chloroform anesthesia at the above-mentioned time points of the experiment. Results. Our results suggest that under the conditions of development of experimental allergic alveolitis, combined with experimental pneumonia, there are quite significant changes in the immune system. This was manifested by a decrease in serum T-lymphocyte levels of guinea pigs both in the development of experimental allergic alveolitis and experimental allergic alveolitis, combined with experimental pneumonia. At the same time, these two investigated pathologies are accompanied by the activation of the humoral level of immunity, which was manifested by an increase in the concentration of B-lymphocytes and the interest of serum of guinea pigs in all terms of the studied pathology. It is also established that the experimental allergic alveolitis is associated with experimental pneumonia and more significant disorders of cellular and humoral immunity. Conclusion. Experimental allergic alveolitis, especially when combined with pneumonia, leads to a gradual suppression of cell-mediated immunity (decrease in T-lymphocytes) and activation of humoral immunity (increase in B-lymphocytes and circulating immune complexes (CIC)), with the combination of alveolitis and pneumonia causing more pronounced immune disorders, particularly in the early stages of the pathology.

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Published

2025-10-30

How to Cite

Ivankiv , O., Regeda , M., & Diachok , I. (2025). Significance of immune system parameter changes for the pathogenesis of experimental allergic alveolitis and pneumonia. Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 19(4), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2025.4.42-46

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 4 (2025)

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Статті

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