Analysis of jaw‑bone tissue quality in normal conditions and in various dental pathologies

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2025.2.6-11

Keywords:

bone tissue; jaws; dentoalveolar anomalies; occlusion; density; dental radiovisiography

Abstract

Relevance. Recent clinical and epidemiological studies show that dentoalveolar pathologies are widespread across different ages and sexes. Deformations of dental arches and occlusion are often accompanied by alterations in the structure and quality of jaw‑bone tissue. The aim of our study was to evaluate bone‑tissue density parameters of the jaws in adults and their changes against different types of dental pathology. Methods. One hundred anonymised series of jaw radiovisiograms of adults aged 22–35 years were analysed. The sample was formed by randomisation and comprised 45 men and 55 women. Radiovisiograms were obtained with a Siemens dental radiovisiography unit using TrophyRadiology software. A density‑measurement program was used; the unit of density was the relative grey scale unit (GSU). Bone‑tissue density was assessed in the incisor segments and in the segments of the large molar teeth. Results and conclusion. Analysis of the randomised radiovisiogram series allowed us to establish the prevalence of different dental pathologies among men and women of mature age, in particular the frequency of various occlusion types. Orthognathic occlusion was detected in only 31 % of subjects (27 % of men, 34 % of women). Orthognathic occlusion was most common among women, whereas crossbite had the highest frequency (33 %) among men. Various kinds of edentulism were found in 66 % of subjects, crowding in 17 %, temporomandibular joint dysfunction in 8 %, and periodontal disease in 9 %. Braces had been applied in 21 % of subjects to correct occlusal and tooth‑alignment defects. Analysis of bone‑density in alveolar segments showed similar ratios in men and women. In all assessed areas bone‑density values in men were higher than in women; density at the molar segments was higher than at the incisor segments; density of the lower‑jaw areas exceeded that of the upper jaw. Characteristic changes in bone‑tissue quality of alveolar segments were identified in association with different occlusion types, localised or generalised maxillofacial pathologies, and brace correction. Patients with various dentoalveolar anomalies exhibited a tendency towards reduced bone‑density indices, indicating lower quality bone. Correction with braces was accompanied by a minor decrease in bone density of both jaws’ alveolar segments by 3–5 %.

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Published

2025-09-02

How to Cite

Adamovych , O., Krynytskyi , R., Voitsenko , N., Masna-Chala , O., & Pankevych , L. (2025). Analysis of jaw‑bone tissue quality in normal conditions and in various dental pathologies. Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 19(2), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2025.2.6-11

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025)

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