Microscopic characterisation of structural components of the kidneys 1 hour after experimental rats' exposure to the scorpion Leiurus macroctenus venom

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2024.4.72-75

Keywords:

venom, scorpions, kidneys, hemodynamic disorders, rats.

Abstract

Background. The kidneys function in the human body as important organs for maintaining the constancy of the internal environment. With their participation, constant control is carried out over such parameters as the constancy of the circulating blood volume, electrolyte composition, osmotic pressure, ion concentration, acid-base balance, blood pressure, etc. Under the influence of pathogens of various genesis, these constants undergo pronounced changes due to disruption of the structural organisation of the kidneys. Objective. Study of microscopic changes in rat kidney tissue 1 hour after exposure to the venom of the scorpion Leiurus macroctenus. Methods. The study used 10 white male laboratory rats weighing 200 g (±10 g) grown in the vivarium of the Educational and Scientific Center "Institute of Biology and Medicine" of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The venom of scorpions of the Buthidae family, genus Leiurus, species Leiurus macroctenus, was administered to rats once intramuscularly (0.5 ml of venom solution previously dissolved in saline; 28.8 μg/ml; LD50=0.08 mg/kg). Kidney samples from animals of all groups were taken for microscopic examination. Histological preparations of the heart were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and conclusion. It has been established that when the venom of the scorpion Leiurus macroctenus is administered, after 1 hour, toxic substances cause the development of significant hemodynamic disorders and the initiation of inflammatory processes in the organ in experimental rats, acute renal failure as a result of acute damage to the glomerular apparatus, disruption of the cytoskeleton of podocytes and the tubular apparatus of nephrons with manifestations of desquamation, hydropic, hyaline-droplet dystrophy of the tubular epithelium.

References

  1. Assmus AM, Mullins JJ, Brown CM, Mullins LJ. Cellular plasticity: A mechanism for homeostasis in the kidney. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2020;229(1):13447. doi: 10.1111/apha.13447
  2. Tatarina O, Chulak О, Chulak Y, Nasibullin B. Changes in the kidney and liver structure and functions during the experimental, non-lethal load of carbon tetrachloride (CCL₄). Georgian Med News. 2021;314:150-155. PMID: 34248046
  3. Abd El-Aziz FEA, El Shehaby DM, Elghazally SA, Hetta HF. Toxicological and epidemiological studies of scorpion sting cases and morphological characterization of scorpions (Leiurusquin questriatus and Androctonus crassicauda) in Luxor, Egypt. Toxicol Rep. 2019;6:329-335. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.03.004
  4. Basile DP, Yoder MC. Renal endothelial dysfunction in acute kidney ischemia reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2014;14(1):3-14. doi: 10.2174/1871529x1401140724093505
  5. Bhargava P, Schnellmann RG. Mitochondrial energetics in the kidney. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(10):629-646. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.107
  6. Honda T, Hirakawa Y, Nangaku M. The role of oxidative stress and hypoxia in renal disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2019;38(4):414-426. doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.19.063
  7. Scammell MK, Sennett CM, Petropoulos ZE, Kamal J, Kaufman JS. Environmental and occupational exposures in kidney disease. Semin Nephrol. 2019;39(3):230-243. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.02.001
  8. Thompson RH, Lane BR, Lohse CM, Leibovich BC, Fergany A, Frank I, et al. Renal function after partial nephrectomy: effect of warm ischemia relative to quantity and quality of preserved kidney. Urology. 2012;79(2):356-360. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.10.031
  9. Galíndez-Cerón JD, Jorge RJB, Chavez-Acosta MH, Jorge ARC, Alves NQ, Prata MMG, et al. Renal alterations induced by the venom of Colombian scorpion Centruroides Margaritatus. Curr Top Med Chem. 2019;19(22):2049-2057. doi: 10.2174/1568026619666190731143523
  10. Radi ZA. Kidney pathophysiology, toxicology, and drug-induced injury in drug development. Int J Toxicol. 2019;38(3):215-227. doi: 10.1177/1091581819831701
  11. Reis MB, Zoccal KF, Gardinassi LG, Faccioli LH. Scorpion envenomation and inflammation: Beyond neurotoxic effects. Toxicon. 2019;167:174-179. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.06.219
  12. Naqvi R. Scorpion sting and acute kidney injury: case series from Pakistan. Br J Med Med Res. 2015;9(10):1-6. Doi: 10.9734/BJMMR/2015/19611
  13. Ranaweera GG, Bavanthan V, Nazar AL, Lokuhetty MD. Acute renal insufficiency after scorpion sting. Ceylon Med J. 2015;60(1):31-32. doi: 10.4038/cmj.v60i1.7487
  14. Gunas V, Maievskyi O, Raksha N, Vovk T, Savchuk O, Shchypanskyi S, Gunas I. Study of the Acute Toxicity of Scorpion Leiurus macroctenus Venom in Rats. The Scientific World Journal. 2024;1:9746092. doi: 10.1155/2024/9746092
  15. Özkan Ö, Filazi A. The determination of acute lethal dose-50 (LD50) levels of venom in mice, obtained by different methods from scorpions, Androctonus crassicauda (Oliver 1807). Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2004;28(1):50-53.

Downloads

Published

2025-01-15

How to Cite

Matkivska, R. (2025). Microscopic characterisation of structural components of the kidneys 1 hour after experimental rats’ exposure to the scorpion Leiurus macroctenus venom. Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 18(4), 72–75. https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2024.4.72-75

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 4 (2024)

Section

Статті

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 The authors reserve the right to authorship of their work and transfer to the Journal the right to the first publication of this work under the terms of a license Creative commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), which allows other people to freely distribute the published work with a mandatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
        By submitting a manuscript to the editorial office of the Journal ‘Morphologia’ authors agree to transfer the rights to protect and use the manuscript (all supplemental materials, particularly protected objects such as photos, drawings, diagrams, tables, etc.), including the reproduction in the press and distribution via the Internet; translation of the manuscript into any language; export and import of journal copies with the Authors’ article in order to make it available for public. Authors convey the rights mentioned above to the editorial office without any temporal or territorial limitation all over the world. 
        The Authors guarantee that they have the exclusive rights to use the material transferred to editorial office. Editors are not responsible to third parties for contraventions of warranty given by the Authors. The considered rights are transferred to the editorial office since the moment when the current issue is signed for publishing. Reproduction of materials published in the Journal by other individuals and legal entities is possible only with the consent of Editorial office, with the obligatory indication of the full bibliographic reference of the primary publication. The Authors reserve the right to use the published material, its fragments and parts for teaching materials, oral presentations, dissertation thesis prepararion with obligatory bibliographic citation of the original paper. Electron copy of the published article, downloaded from official journal web-site in .pdf format may be put by authors on the official web-site of their institutions, any other official resources with open access.