The effect of chronic administration of cadmium chloride on the morphological structures of the mandible of rats

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2024.2.65-72

Keywords:

mandible, morphology, bone tissue, density, heavy metals, cadmium chloride, morphometric indicators.

Abstract

Background. Cadmium, as a heavy metal, is part of many industrial wastes and can affect the environment and living organisms. One of the key systems exposed to cadmium is the skeletal system of humans and animals, particularly rats. The aim of the work was to reveal the specifics of the effect of chronic administration of cadmium chloride on the state of rat bones with a comparison of the effect of isolated administration of cadmium chloride on the morphofunctional state of the mandible in a chronic experiment on rats. Methods. Histological and morphogistometric study. The results. In order to fulfill the set goal and ensure a correct comparative analysis of the obtained results of exposure to cadmium chloride during experimental studies, we studied the features of the morphogenesis of the mandible in a control group of young male rats of puberty age in comparison to the group isolated exposure to cadmium chloride. Operative slaughter of animals to obtain samples took place on the 14th, 20th and 30th days of the experiment. After anesthesia, the bones were removed, weighed, measured for the protocol and fixed for further histological examination. Analyzing weight indicators, we determined the relative mass of the bone itself to the mass of the animal, which is more informative material for comparison between groups. Conclusion. Chronic exposure to cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg in rats leads to an increase in the weight indicators of the mandible, which was confirmed by the calculation of the mandible mass index. Long-term exposure to cadmium chloride leads to changes in the structure of bone trabeculae of the mandible, which was manifested in microcracks of individual bone trabeculae and swelling of osteocytes against the background of increased angiogenesis of bone tissue. Violation of histogenesis of bone tissue is determined by the formation of centers of matrix homogenization, the occurrence of empty lacunae or lacunae with pyknotic osteocytes. Changes in the morphological structure of the articular cartilage of the head of the mandible after chronic administration of cadmium chloride are manifested in the damage to the architecture of the radial layers of the chondrocyte columns and the violation of the zonality of the articular cartilage. Histological studies revealed delayed differentiation of chondroblasts, swelling of cartilage cells and delayed differentiation of isogenic cells against the background of connective tissue delamination in an experiment on rats.

References

  1. Romaniuk AM, Sikora VV, Lindina YM, Lindin MS. [Prevalence of heavy metals in the environment and their role in the vital activity of the organism (literature review)]. Bukovyna Medical Herald. 2017;21(82):163-168. Ukranian.
  2. Lee WK, Thévenod F. Cell organelles as targets of mammalian cadmium toxicity. Arch Toxicol. 2020;94(4):1017-1049. doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02692-8.
  3. Kim JJ, Kim YS, Kumar V. Heavy metal toxicity: An update of chelating therapeutic strategies. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019;54:226-231. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.003.
  4. Genchi G, Carocci A, Lauria G, Sinicropi MS, Catalano A. Cadmium: Human health and environmental toxicology. Int. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17:679.
  5. Nefodov OO, Bilyshko DV, Kushnaryova KA, Shevchenko OS, Shatorna VF. [Determination of the effect of cadmium on embryogenesis indicators when administered alone and in combination with selenium and germanium citrates]. Medychni perspektyvy. 2020;25(1):24-31. Ukranian.
  6. Nefodova OO, Shatorna VF, Galperin OI, Nefodov OO, Yeroshenko GA, Tverdokhlib IV. Cardiogenesis changes under the impact of cadmium chloride in rat embryogenesis. Svit medytsyny ta biolohiyi. 2019;3(69):209-213.
  7. Nefodova OO, Yeroshenko GA, Zadesenets IP, Shatorna VF, Nefodov OO, Kuznetsova OV. [Effect of low doses of cadmium citrate on the cardiogenesis of rat embryos]. Svit medytsyny ta biolohiyi. 2019;1(67):166-170. Ukranian.
  8. Shatorna VF, Kononova II, Garets VI, Nefodova O.O, Lomyha LL. Search of new bioantagonists of embryotoxicity of cadmium chloride in a chronic experiment on rats. Visnyk problem biolohiyi i medytsyny. 2023;1(168):92-96.
  9. Rodríguez J, Mandalunis PM. A Review of Metal Exposure and Its Effects on Bone Health. J Toxicol. 2018;2018:4854152. doi:10.1155/2018/ 4854152.
  10. Nasoori A. Formation, structure, and function of extra-skeletal bones in mammals. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2020;95(4):986-1019. doi:10.1111/brv.12597.
  11. Udagawa N, Koide M, Nakamura M, Nakamichi Y, Yamashita T, Uehara S, Kobayashi Y, Furuya Y, Yasuda H, Fukuda C, Tsuda E. Osteoclast differentiation by RANKL and OPG signaling pathways. J Bone Miner Metab. 2021;39(1):19-26. doi:10.1007/s00774-020-01162-6.
  12. Engström A, Michaëlsson K, Vahter M, Julin B, Wolk A, Åkesson A. Associations between dietary cadmium exposure and bone mineral density and risk of osteoporosis and fractures among women. Bone. 2012;50(6):1372-1378. doi:10.1016/ j.bone.2012.03.018.
  13. Wallin M, Barregard L, Sallsten G, Lundh T, Karlsson MK, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Mellström D. Low-Level Cadmium Exposure Is Associated With Decreased Bone Mineral Density and Increased Risk of Incident Fractures in Elderly Men: The MrOS Sweden Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2016;31(4):732-41. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2743.
  14. Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Suwazono Y, Nogawa K, Kido T. Causes of death in patients with Itai-itai disease suffering from severe chronic cadmium poisoning: a nested case-control analysis of a follow-up study in Japan. BMJ Open. 2017;7(7): 15694. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015694.
  15. European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Stientific Purposes. Strasburg: Council of Europe. 1986;123:52.
  16. Bagrii MM, Dibrova VA, Popadinets OG, Hryshchuk MI, authors. Metodyky morfolohichnykh doslidzhen` [Methods of morphological research]. Vinnytsya: Nova knyha; 2016. 328 p. Ukranian.
  17. Lapach SN, Chubenko AV, Babich PN, authors. Statisticheskiye metody v mediko–biologicheskikh issledovaniyakh s ispol'zovaniyem Excel [Statistical methods in medical and biological research using Excel] Kiev: Morion; 2001. 408 p. Russian.

Downloads

Published

2024-07-30

How to Cite

Nefodova , O., & Shevchenko , O. (2024). The effect of chronic administration of cadmium chloride on the morphological structures of the mandible of rats. Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 18(2), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2024.2.65-72

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2024)

Section

Статті

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 The authors reserve the right to authorship of their work and transfer to the Journal the right to the first publication of this work under the terms of a license Creative commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), which allows other people to freely distribute the published work with a mandatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
        By submitting a manuscript to the editorial office of the Journal ‘Morphologia’ authors agree to transfer the rights to protect and use the manuscript (all supplemental materials, particularly protected objects such as photos, drawings, diagrams, tables, etc.), including the reproduction in the press and distribution via the Internet; translation of the manuscript into any language; export and import of journal copies with the Authors’ article in order to make it available for public. Authors convey the rights mentioned above to the editorial office without any temporal or territorial limitation all over the world. 
        The Authors guarantee that they have the exclusive rights to use the material transferred to editorial office. Editors are not responsible to third parties for contraventions of warranty given by the Authors. The considered rights are transferred to the editorial office since the moment when the current issue is signed for publishing. Reproduction of materials published in the Journal by other individuals and legal entities is possible only with the consent of Editorial office, with the obligatory indication of the full bibliographic reference of the primary publication. The Authors reserve the right to use the published material, its fragments and parts for teaching materials, oral presentations, dissertation thesis prepararion with obligatory bibliographic citation of the original paper. Electron copy of the published article, downloaded from official journal web-site in .pdf format may be put by authors on the official web-site of their institutions, any other official resources with open access.