Peculiarities of the prenatal development of the human maxilla

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2023.4.49-59

Keywords:

maxilla, prenatal development, congenital abnormalities, human.

Abstract

Background. The study of the sources of rudiments, age-specific anatomy and topographic-anatomical transformations of the bones of the facial part of the skull during the early stages of human intrauterine development (IUD) is an urgent task of modern morphology, surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, the solution of which will create a theoretical basis for improving diagnostic methods and surgical correction of congenital defects of the maxillofacial area. Objective: to clarify the sources of the rudiments, to find out the peculiarities of morphogenesis and the age-specific dynamics of topographical and anatomical changes of the maxilla in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis. Methods. 45 series of histological sections of human embryos and prefetuses aged 4-12 weeks IUD (4.0-80.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length (PCL)) were studied. A complex of morphological research methods was applied, which included the creation of a series of consecutive histological sections, their microscopy, morphometry and three-dimensional reconstruction. The results. On the 7th week of IUD (prefetuses 14.0-20.0 mm TCL), maximum convergence of the maxillary processes with the middle and lateral nasals occurs, which in prefetuses 20.0 mm PCL grow with the frontal process, forming the maxilla and upper lip. During the 8th week of IUD (prefetuses 21.0-30.0 mm PCL), the bone base of the jaws is modeled as a result of the increase in the size of the osteogenic islands and their fusion, alveolar processes are formed. The palatal plates, in which osteogenic formations are determined, begin to change their position to a horizontal one. During the 9th-10th weeks of IUD (prefetuses 31.0-52.0 mm PCL), the primary palate is formed, the separation of the oral and nasal cavities begins, the nasal septum is formed, which comes into contact with the lateral palatal plates. At the 11th week of IUD (prefetuses 54.0-65.0 mm PCL), the bone tissue models both jaws, and the face acquires definitive anthropomorphic features. Conclusion. The main stages of morphogenesis of the human maxilla are: separation of the branchial apparatus (4th week of IUD), convergence and fusion of maxillary processes (5-8th weeks of VUR), formation of tooth buds (7-8th weeks of IUD), which allows considering the indicated periods as critical in the formation of possible congenital abnormalities of the facial skull.

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Published

2024-01-15

How to Cite

Tsyhykalo , O., & Dmytrenko , R. (2024). Peculiarities of the prenatal development of the human maxilla. Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 17(4), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2023.4.49-59

Issue

Vol. 17 No. 4 (2023)

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