Morphofunctional characteristics of lymphoepithelial formations of the mucous membrane of the digestive system

Authors

Keywords:

lymphoepithelial formations, digestive system, tonsils, appendix, lymphoid nodule, Peyer's patches, mucous membrane

Abstract

Introduction. The total area of contact of human mucous membranes with antigens of external origin is many times larger than the area of the skin. Moreover, the largest share of this area falls on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, which includes the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. From an evolutionary point of view, the immune system of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract was formed much earlier than all other organs of the immune system. Ontogenetically, a complex barrier is provided in the mucous membranes. The aim. To study morphofunctional features of lymphoepithelial formations of the mucous membrane of the digestive system by bibliographic analysis of the literature. Methods. This bibliographic analysis is based on published peer-reviewed articles, books, textbooks, monographs, abstracts of dissertations. For the purposes of this systematic review, literature search (as for the study of lymphoepithelial formations of the digestive system) was carried out in the Internet, domestic literature sources, scientific and electronic libraries of Poltava State Medical University using the following keywords: «lymphoepithelial formations», «digestive system», «tonsils», «appendix», «lymphoid nodule», «peyer's patches», «mucous membrane». Results. According to the results of modern histological and immunological studies in the digestive tract, the following groups of immunocompetent elements of lymphoid tissue were identified: lymphoid nodules of the digestive tract, which in the ileum and appendix form large clusters in the form of group lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches); plasma and T-lymphatic cells of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. The organs of local immune protection of the digestive tract provide a protective immune response to contact with antigens, orally entering the human body from the environment. The severity of the response depends not only on the strength of antigenic stimulation, but also on the functional state of the macroorganism, its nervous and endocrine regulatory systems, including the effects of regulatory peptides of the digestive tract. Conclusions. As outposts on the border with the external environment are different in shape lymphoepithelial formations, known in the literature as lymphoid nodules associated with the epithelium. It should be understood that they are concentrated in those areas where the mucous membranes are under constant antigenic load, due to attempts to penetrate into the internal environment of the body of pathogenic microbes. At the same time, they not only initiate immune reactions, but also translate them from the local level to the systemic, the so-called phenomenon of «immune solidarity of the mucous membranes».

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Published

2023-06-26

How to Cite

Hryn , V. (2023). Morphofunctional characteristics of lymphoepithelial formations of the mucous membrane of the digestive system. Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 15(4), 40–47. Retrieved from https://morphology.dma.edu.ua/article/view/282852

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Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021)

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