The influence of diabetes on the myocardium at the stages of prenatal cardiogenesis (literature review)

Authors

  • Ye.V. Frolikova Dnipro State Medical University, Ukraine

Keywords:

myocardium, diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, cardiogenesis, alloxan model, gestational embryopathy

Abstract

Background. Diabetes is a serious chronic disease that occurs due to insufficient insulin or its ineffectiveness. Diabetes is an important health problem, one of the four priority non-communicable diseases in the world. Both the incidence and prevalence of diabetes have been steadily rising over the past few decades. The number of deaths from its complications exceeds the total number of people who died from AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. In 2019, diabetes was the direct cause of death of 1.5 million people. And in the period from 2019 to 2020, this figure increased by another 15%. According to the World Health Organization, every third person in the world has pre-diabetes, and every 10th person has diabetes. In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of diabetes is growing much faster than in the world's leading countries. Purpose. Analyze theoretical and practical information that proves the impact of diabetes on the development of the heart and its morphological structure. Methods. Retrospective processing of information sources, which study the impact of diabetes on myocardial development. Results and conclusion. Analysis of the sources revealed a number of changes in the structure of the myocardium under the influence of diabetes. In children from diabetic mothers there is a violation of microcirculation, polymorphism of cardiomyocyte nuclei, cytolysis, disorientation, wavy deformation and fragmentation of cardiomyocyte fibers, swelling of the myocardial stroma and local fibrosis with focal cell infiltration. Such structural changes in the structure of the heart occur due to disruption of many processes. The embryo, even before implantation, is significantly affected, as there is an increase in such a phenomenon as apoptosis. As a result, decreases the intracellular mass of the fetus. Hyperglycemia leads to hypertrophy and dilatation of the ventricles of the newborn, disrupts myocardial microcirculation, its contractile function and causes local fibrosis. Today in the scientific literature there is a lot of information about morphological modifications of various organs and systems. Nevertheless, a number of questions about the impact of diabetes on cardiogenesis remain controversial and unresolved.

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Published

2023-06-26

How to Cite

Frolikova , Y. (2023). The influence of diabetes on the myocardium at the stages of prenatal cardiogenesis (literature review). Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 15(4), 17–25. Retrieved from https://morphology.dma.edu.ua/article/view/282846

Issue

Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021)

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