Dynamics of structural changes in the bone tissue of the jaw after a bone-destructive trauma

Authors

Keywords:

bone tissue, bone-destructive trauma, lower jaw, resorption, regeneration.

Abstract

Background. Injuries of the jaws with a violation of the integrity of the bone tissue of various genesis are among the most frequent reasons for patients to visit the maxillofacial surgery clinic. Removal of teeth, including atypical, is also causes a violation of the integrity of the bone tissue of the alveolar part of the jaws, the restoration of which is a necessary condition for high-quality prosthetics and ensuring the functional capacity of the chewing apparatus. However, the changes that occur in the destroyed bone tissue and the patterns of their dynamics during the period of restoration of the integrity of the damaged bone area at the microstructural level remain insufficiently studied. The purpose of the work is to find out the features of the structural reconstruction of the bone tissue of the alveolar part of the rabbit lower jaw body within 15 days after the infliction of a bone-destructive injury. Methods. Research was done on 20 adult 6–7-month-old rabbits, having 2.5-3 kg weight, which were segregated into experimental (15 animals) and control (5 animals) groups. The animals of the experimental group were subjected to combined anesthesia bilaterally in ​​the alveolar part of the lower jaw with a bone-destructive injury by breaking the integrity of the bone tissue with the help of a dental drill. Animals were taken out of the experiment after 1, 8 and 15 days. The structure of bone tissue was studied on histological slides stained by traditional method with hematoxylin and eosin. Results. It was established that within 15 days after inflicting traumatic bone injury, the bone tissue of ​​the alveolar part of the lower jaw has pronounced changes, which are visualized at the microstructural level. One day after inflicting the trauma around the defect, architectonic violations and destruction of the osteon layer with homogenization of the bone plates were detected. In distant zones – disorganization and homogenization of osteon bone plates, the appearance of a large number of resorption lacunae. Eight days after the injury, the homogenization of the adjacent bone matrix and the appearance of resorption cavities were observed along the perimeter of the defect cavity. On the 15th day of the experiment, signs of deep disorganization of lamellar bone, remnants of resorption lacunae, and resorption cavities filled with tissue detritus and fibrin were observed in the area of ​​the defect. Conclusion. The conducted studies indicate an acute reaction of the bone tissue of the jaw in response to an iatrogenic factor, which is a bone-destructive injury. At the beginning, this reaction manifested itself in the form of accumulation of disorganized bone structures, and later the mechanisms of lysis of irreversibly lost structures were activated, with the cleaning of the territory of future regeneration.

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Published

2022-10-16

How to Cite

Chelpanova , I. . (2022). Dynamics of structural changes in the bone tissue of the jaw after a bone-destructive trauma. Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 16(3), 127–132. Retrieved from https://morphology.dma.edu.ua/article/view/282003

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022)

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