Morphofunctional features of the structural components of the eyeball in a comparative-species aspect and in various pathological processes (review article)

Authors

  • O.M. Slobodyan Буковинський державний медичний університет, Ukraine
  • O.Yu. Vovk Харківський національний медичний університет, Ukraine
  • I.V. Chelpanova Львівський національний медичний університет ім. Данила Галицького, Ukraine
  • Yu.V. Hnidyk Львівський національний медичний університет ім. Данила Галицького, Ukraine

Keywords:

Eyeball, interspecies features, pathological influence, models.

Abstract

The aim - to investigate the morphofunctional features of the structural units of the eyeball in a comparative-species aspect and during various pathological processes. In order to achieve the set goal, we studied the sources of scientific medical domestic and world literature. Results. Nalbuphine is a synthetic opioid analgesic, a synonym of Nubain, (–)-17-(cyclobutylmethyl)-4,5b-epoxymorphinan-3,6b,14-triol hydrochloride. Its chemical structure is close to the group of morphinan and phenanthrene. According to its pharmacological action, it belongs to the group of agonist-antagonists opioid receptors, with an agonistic effect on k-receptors, and an antagonistic effect on m-receptors, which is related to its small effect on the psychoemotional state of patients, compared to morphine, and the actual absence of addiction, at therapeutic doses and during short course of use. The ratio of the strength of the analgesic effect and the risk of various complications, including the saturation effect "ceiling effect" (reaching a certain threshold and subsequent lack of effect when the dose is increased), is the largest, in comparison with other agonist-antagonists - pentazicin or buprenorphine, which, in fact, is the only one of this group of pharmaceuticals which has wide clinical use today. The formation of the ganglion layer in humans begins at the 7th week of embryogenesis and ahead of development in other retinal cells. In rats, similar processes occur between 13-19 days of embryonic development. In mice, differentiation start on the 11th day of embryogenesis. At the 13th week of embryogenesis, ganglion cells have a well-developed axon and a developed dendritic field, the author also noted that the axons form the optic nerve earlier than the dendritic field is formed. Conclusion. Summarizing the scientific literature, certain contradictions regarding to the morphology of the structural components of the rat`s eyeball were revealed, as well as in the comparative-species aspect. There is a significant number of scientific works both in the field of experimental and clinical ophthalmology, which are devoted to the study of the structural components of the eyeball in various nosological forms of pathology, but there is a limited number of reports devoted to the study of problems related to opioid angioneuroretinopathy.

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Published

2022-09-22

How to Cite

Slobodyan , O., Vovk, . O., Chelpanova , I., & Hnidyk, Y. . (2022). Morphofunctional features of the structural components of the eyeball in a comparative-species aspect and in various pathological processes (review article). Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 16(3), 7–14. Retrieved from https://morphology.dma.edu.ua/article/view/281173

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Vol. 16 No. 3 (2022)

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