Submicroscopic changes of the spleen in the action of monosodium glutamate and correction with melatonin

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.3.22-28

Keywords:

spleen, monosodium glutamate, melatonin, rat, lymphocytes, macrophages

Abstract

Background. Monosodium glutamate is one of the most common dietary supplements in the world. The aim of the study was to study the electron microscopic changes in the structural components of the spleen of rats under the action of monosodium glutamate and its correction with melatonin. Methods. The experimental study was performed on 66 white male rats and females of reproductive age. For six weeks, the animals received monosodium glutamate at a dose of 0.07 g/kg body weight daily with food, after which they switched to a standard diet with the addition of melatonin at a dose of 0.01 g/kg for two, four and six weeks. Sections of the spleen were made on an ultramicrotome UMTP-6M with a diamond knife (DIATOM) and double contrast was performed according to Reynolds and uranyl acetate. Submicroscopic examinations of the organ were performed using an electron transmission microscope TEM-100. The test material was documented using a SONY – H9 digital camera. Results. Daily consumption of monosodium glutamate for six weeks leads to profound destructive changes in the cellular composition of the spleen, causing disorders in the vascular bed. In particular, the number of lymphocytes with signs of apoptosis increases significantly, and the number of cells with signs of mitosis decreases, in the cytoplasm of dendritic cells organelles with signs of damage, in the periarterial zone signs of edema, a large number of active macrophages, the cytoplasm of which contains osmophilic inclusions and remnants of phagocytosed cells. The red pulp is full-blooded, contains areas of accumulation of deformed blood cells, polysegmental neutrophils and megakaryocytes. Blood capillaries with reduced lumen. The introduction of melatonin leads to a significant restoration of the structural organization and, consequently, the function of this organ. Conclusion. Melatonin has a positive effect on the restoration of changes in the spleen caused by the action of monosodium glutamate.

References

  1. Hordiienko LP, Falalieieva TM. [Changes in adipocytokines in rats under conditions of glutamate-induced obesity]. Current problems of modern medicine: Bulletin of the Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy. 2014;14,2(46):130-2. Ukrainian.
  2. Kolenchenko OO, Falalieieva TM, Berehova TV, Kuryk OH. [The state of lipid metabolism in rats under the conditions of administration of sodium glutamate]. Current problems of modern medicine: Bulletin of the Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy. 2017;17,4-2(60):58-61. Ukrainian.
  3. Afifi MM, Abbas AM. Monosodium glutamate versus diet induced obesity in pregnant rats and their offspring. Acta Physiol Hung. 2011;98(2):177-88. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.98.2011.2.9.
  4. Jin L, Lin L, Li GY, Liu S, Luo DJ, Feng Q, Sun D-S, Wang W, Liu J-J, Wang Q, Ke D, Yan X-F, Liu G-P . Monosodium glutamate exposure during the neonatal period leads to cognitive deficits in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Neuroscience letters. 2018;682:39-44. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.008.
  5. Vorhees CV. A Test of Dietary Monosodium Glutamate Developmental Neurotoxicity in Rats: A Reappraisal. Ann Nutr Metab 2018;73(5):36-42. doi: 10.1159/000494781.
  6. Konrad SP, Farah V, Rodrigues B, Wichi RB, Machado UF, Lopes HF, Schaan BD'A, Angelis KD, Irigoyen MC. Monosodium glutamate neonatal treatment induces cardiovascular autonomic function changes in rodents. Clinics. 2012;67(10):1209-14. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(10)14.
  7. Bhandari U. Effect of Embelin in Monosodium Glutamate Induced Obesity in Male Neonatal Wistar Rats. Atheroscler. Suppl. 2018;32:138. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.423.
  8. Navarro-Alarcón M, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Blanca-Herrera RM, A-Serrano MM, AcuñaCastroviejo D, Fernández-Vázquez G, Agil A. Melatonin and metabolic regulation: a review. Food Funct. 2014;5(11):2806-32. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00317a.
  9. Cipolla-Neto J, Amaral FG, Afeche SC, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin, energy metabolism, and obesity: a review. J Pineal Res. 2014;56(4):371-81. doi: 10.1111/ jpi.12137.
  10. Ghada M, Fard А, Madi NM, El-Saka MH. Effect of Melatonin on Obesity and Lipid Profile in High Fat–Fed Rats. Journal of American Science. 2013;9(10):61-7.
  11. Kalinchenko SYu, Tyuzikov IA. [Melatonin deficiency, obesity, and insulin resistance: obvious and non-obvious relationships]. Dietetics issues. 2017;7(2):23-32. Russian.
  12. Srinivasan V, Ohta Y, Espino J, Pariente JA, Rodriguez AB, Mohamed M, Zakaria R. Metabolic syndrome, its pathophysiology and the role of melatonin. Recent Pat EndocrMetab Immune Drug Discov. 2013;7(1):11-25.
  13. El-Aziza R, Naguiba M, Rashedb L. Spleen size in patients with metabolic syndrome and its relation to metabolic and inflammatory parameters. The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2018;30:78-82. doi: 10.4103/ejim.ejim_86_17.
  14. Harapko TV. Electron microscopic changes of lymph nodes during correction of sodium glutamate action by melatonin. Reports of Morphology. 2020;26(1):59-64. doi: 10.31393/morphology-journal-2020-26(1)-09.
  15. Goloborod'ko GN, Derho MA, Sereda TI. [Features of the effect of food additives on the animal organism in the model system of laboratory rats]. Agroindustrial complex of Russia. 2015;74:168-72. Russian.
  16. Krynytska I, Marushchak M, Svan О, The indices of endogenous intoxication in rats with carrageenan solution consumption. Georgian medical news. 2018;279:196-200.
  17. Krynytska I, Marushchak M, Naumova L, Mazur L. The Toxic Impact of Monosodium Glutamate in Rats. J Med J. 2019;53(2):91-101.
  18. Monti V, Carlson JJ, Hunt SC, Adams TD. Relationship of ghrelin and leptin hormones with body mass index and waist circumference in a random sample of adults. J Amer Diet Assoc. 2006;106(6):822-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.03.015 43.
  19. Trufakin V, Shurlygina A, Dushkin M, Khrapova M, Michurina S, Mel'nikova E, Panteleeva N, Tenditnik M. Effect of Melatonin on Cellular Composition of the Spleen and Parameters of Lipid Metabolism in Rats with Alimentary Obesity. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine. 2014;158:42-5. doi: 10.1007/s10517-014-2687-6.

Downloads

How to Cite

Harapko, T. V. (2020). Submicroscopic changes of the spleen in the action of monosodium glutamate and correction with melatonin. Морфологія / Morphologia / Morfologìâ, 14(3), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2020.3.22-28

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 3 (2020)

Section

Статті

License

Copyright (c) 2020 Morphologia

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 The authors reserve the right to authorship of their work and transfer to the Journal the right to the first publication of this work under the terms of a license Creative commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), which allows other people to freely distribute the published work with a mandatory reference to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work in this journal.
        By submitting a manuscript to the editorial office of the Journal ‘Morphologia’ authors agree to transfer the rights to protect and use the manuscript (all supplemental materials, particularly protected objects such as photos, drawings, diagrams, tables, etc.), including the reproduction in the press and distribution via the Internet; translation of the manuscript into any language; export and import of journal copies with the Authors’ article in order to make it available for public. Authors convey the rights mentioned above to the editorial office without any temporal or territorial limitation all over the world. 
        The Authors guarantee that they have the exclusive rights to use the material transferred to editorial office. Editors are not responsible to third parties for contraventions of warranty given by the Authors. The considered rights are transferred to the editorial office since the moment when the current issue is signed for publishing. Reproduction of materials published in the Journal by other individuals and legal entities is possible only with the consent of Editorial office, with the obligatory indication of the full bibliographic reference of the primary publication. The Authors reserve the right to use the published material, its fragments and parts for teaching materials, oral presentations, dissertation thesis prepararion with obligatory bibliographic citation of the original paper. Electron copy of the published article, downloaded from official journal web-site in .pdf format may be put by authors on the official web-site of their institutions, any other official resources with open access.